This theoretical paper presents arguments for the significance of the location of motivation in the practice of clinical psychology. Identifying the externality and internality of motivation is argued to be clinically relevant in assessing psychopathology as this can potentially resolve comorbidity issues and improve diagnostic reliability. Furthermore, psychotherapeutic interventions can be tailored to the location of motivation. Extrinsically motivated pathological behaviours can be addressed through behaviour-based approaches, while intrinsically motivated behaviours need more long-term and in-depth therapeutic approaches. Lastly, prognosis can be assumed when the location of motivation has been identified – with extrinsically motivated behaviours having better prognosis than intrinsically motivated behaviours. Some directions for future research include testing the validity and reliability of motivation-based diagnosis, evaluating the effectiveness of matching the location of motivation with type of psychotherapy intervention, and comparing the effectiveness of motivation-matched interventions and disorder-based interventions.
The swelling and nutrient release behaviors of a novel hydrogel blend of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium alginate (NaAlg) was investigated to determine its applicability as an agricultural soil conditioner. Hydrogel swelling and nutrient release data were obtained over time at varying temperatures and pH conditions. The experimental data were fit into the power law, Tsai and Strieder, and Johansson’s models to determine the kinetic parameters for the swelling behavior and nutrient release. Under the experimental swelling conditions, the maximum and minimum swelling capacities of the hydrogel blend were 322.9245% and 228.0483%, respectively. The data fit to the power law suggested that a pseudo Fickian behavior describes the diffusion mechanism. The data fit to the Tsai and Strieder and Johansson’s models provided the experimental values for the α and temperature correlation as 3.69×10^-5 and 0.0278, respectively, which implies that the diffusion behavior within the hydrogel does not vary significantly within the temperature range. Lastly, the inconsistency observed in the nutrient release behaviors at varying pH suggested that additional trials may be required in order to establish a clearer relation between pH and nutrient release behavior.
Microparticle protein delivery system using alginate and cellulose derivative (HPC, HEC and CMC) composite system was prepared using external gelation with vibration technology. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein was encapsulated using these biodegradable materials. This preparation showed an increase in encapsulation efficiency in comparison to the samples where pure alginate was used as the encapsulating material. Compared with the other microparticles, the 50:50 alginate/HEC samples exhibited significant encapsulation efficiency. Consequently, its release rate in the acidic medium was comparatively substantial and higher cumulative release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) medium at the end of the dissolution study was observed to be high at around 86.17%.
The dissolution-precipitation method has been identified as a potentially viable solution to plastic waste recycling in the Philippines. In this study, the effect of solvent temperature and composition on the dissolution kinetics of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in D-limonene/xylene were determined. Dissolution temperature was varied within 100°-120°C with solvent composition of 0-100 wt% D-limonene for both 2-layer and 3-layer laminates of LDPE and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The data were fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the kinetic parameters were determined. Based on the experimental data, it was observed that there is no definitive relation between the dissolution rate and temperature for all solvent composition except at pure xylene, where the behavior at 110°C and 120°C appeared to be identical. It was also observed that introducing even a small amount of D-limonene to the solvent solution significantly increases the rate of dissolution, with a 1:3 limonene-to-xylene ratio having a K value that is 0.075 higher than that of pure xylene. Dissolution in D-limonene was observed to best fit the Fickian model, while that in xylene generally followed the non-Fickian model. Lastly, the 2-layer laminates showed to follow anomalous transport, wherein solvent diffusion and disentanglement of chains have comparable rates.
Current available methods for water desalination are energy intensive, expensive, and not feasible for small-scale applications. As an alternative, hydrogels and hydrogel composites may be utilized both as draw agent and semi-permeable membrane to desalinate water via forward osmosis. In this study, a non-toxic, biodegradable, and low-cost hydrogel composite is prepared by adding activated carbon (AC) as filler to a 3:1 blend of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), with citric acid as crosslinking agent. A one factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis was performed to correlate the crosslinker concentration, crosslinking duration, and AC content to the swelling and desalination efficiency of the CMC/HEC/AC hydrogel composite. Results showed that the swelling of the hydrogel varies directly with the crosslinking duration but varies inversely with the crosslinking concentration. The experiments also showed that the addition of AC as filler significantly improves the desalination efficiency of the hydrogel composite; however, it was also observed that efficiency is reduced if the AC content is excessive.
This piece situates the challenges and opportunities for geography as a discipline amid the setting of Philippine higher education. By charting the discipline’s historical transformations and contemporary trajectories in the spheres of pedagogy, research, and service learning, it presents a particular picture of geography’s place and possible futures within a global South context. Despite its disciplinal marginality rooted in institutional constraints in the country’s higher education system, geography is at a crucial juncture in expanding its visibility and reach, and magnifying its relevance and transformative potentials in the Philippines.
This work joins the discourse on whether or not Murakami is a “pure” Japanese writer. However, it attempts to analyze the problem using a philosophical lens instead of a literary one. Using the concept of basso ostinato as articulated by Maruyama Masao and further emphasized by the thoughts of Kato Shuichi, this article attempts to pose a new way of looking at this question.
Maria Kristina Gallego. 4/1/2022. “Lexical sources for Ibatan.” In The Legacy of Consuelo J. Paz: A Festschrift, edited by Wystan dela Peña, Pp. 71-89. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Center for International Studies.
An understudied morphosyntactic innovation, reanalysis of the Proto- Austronesian (PAn) stative intransitive prefix *ma- as a transitive affix, offers new insights into Austronesian higher-order subgrouping. Malayo- Polynesian is currently considered a primary branch of Austronesian, with no identifiably closer relationship with any linguistic subgroup in the homeland (Blust 1999, 2009/2013; Ross 2005). However, the fact that it displays the same innovative use of ma- with Amis, Siraya, Kavalan and Basay-Trobiawan and shares the merger of PAn *C/t with this group suggests that Malayo-Polynesian and East Formosan may share a common origin – the subgroup that comprises the four languages noted above. This observation points to a revised subgrouping more consistent with a socio- historical picture where the out-of-Taiwan population descended from a seafaring community expanding to the Batanes and Luzon after having developed a seafaring tradition. It also aligns with recent findings in archaeology and genetics that (i) eastern Taiwan is the most likely starting point of Austronesian dispersal (Hung 2005, 2008, 2019; Bellwood 2017; Bellwood & Dizon 2008; Carson & Hung 2018) and (ii) that the Amis bear a significantly closer relationship with Austronesian communities outside Taiwan (Capelli et al. 2001; Trejaut et al. 2005; McColl et al. 2018; Pugach et al. 2021; Tätte et al. 2021). Future investigation of additional shared innovations between Malayo-Polynesian and East Formosan could shed further light on their interrelationships.
Porohanon, spoken in the Municipality of Poro, Camotes, Cebu is a member of the Central Bisayan branch of the Bisayan complex (Zorc 1977). Previous descriptions of this speech variety (Wolff 1967, Zorc 1977, Ballo 2011) have tended to classify its common noun markers into NOMINATIVE, GENITIVE, and OBLIQUE case forms. These forms are also purported to encode distinctions of DEFINITE versus INDEFINITE and SPECIFIC versus NONSPECIFIC, notions which fall under what Balogh, Latrouite, and Van Valin (2020) call “nominal anchoring”. The current study re-evaluates the functions and present-day forms of these common noun markers using written and spoken data. An alternative classification is proposed in this paper’s conclusion. The syntactic alignment of Porohanon is also reassessed considering more contemporary research on ergativity in Philippine languages.
Mark Louie L. Lugue. 2022. “Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa.” In Faces of Faith: Treasures of the Santiago Apostol Parish, Betis, Guagua, Pampanga. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman Department of Art Studies.
The article is a short historical note on the "The Archive" as the official publication of the Department of Linguistics, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman.
Treading a formulated continuing modern framework, the study seeks to reanimate the discourse on abstraction in the field of painting in the country during the 1970s, by exploring its persistence through its continuous relationship with modernity—including how it is particularly conceived in postcolonial terms through the matrix of the nation. It attempts to surface other narratives on the stream of artistic practices, whose influential literature dominantly, but also necessarily, portrayed it in relation to the cooptation of the State. From this set of literature, a good number understandably dwell on the elusive concept of national identity, and frequently examine the art object or collectively through the oeuvre in the process. The study speculates on the potential of provisionally minimizing these tendencies as lenses in historicizing abstraction, and instead, invites an alternative entry point in examining it: as ‘practices’ that respond to and negotiate with the modernity of its time, with its various manifestations including the notion of nation, gleaned in the lens of geopolitics. The study considers the abstraction performed by Marciano Galang (b. 1945, d. 2001) prior the 1970s to furnish historical breadth to the framework; and those by Lao Lianben (b. 1948) and Glenn Bautista (b. 1947, d. 2014) during the focal decade of study. Writing on these practices, it doubles as an attempt to further make sense of how abstraction coexisted with the slippery concept of the contemporary, revisiting the latter’s critiques against the former, most especially abstraction’s supposed exhaustion.
On 16 March 2020, then Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte imposed the Enhanced Community Quarantine putting the main island of Luzon – where Manila, the National Capital Region, is located – on a total lockdown to protect the spread of COVID-19. The lockdown restricted mobility, social gatherings were prohibited, and everyone was mandated to stay inside their homes. Moreover, there was a temporary closure of what were considered as non-essential establishments, including religious institutions. Being a predominantly Roman Catholic nation, religious rituals and festivals were heavily affected by the lockdown. Many of its ritualistic and festive performances involve human contact, which serves as the faithful’s direct and intimate relationship to the heavens. This essay interrogates how cultural festivals in the Philippines, mostly organised by the Church, adapted to the global health crisis. It reflects how the adaptations challenged and recontextualised the understanding of the live vis-à-vis the context of the digital or the virtual. Finally, a preliminary speculation on the future of the religious festivals in the Philippines is provided as a concluding reflection.
Costumes play a significant role in theatrical and television practice as age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, and the setting and climate are shown through them. This paper will enumerate some of the productions in which the costumes are included in the collections of two organizations: the Cultural Center of the Philippines, a government arts agency for the performing arts, and GMA Network, Inc., a media conglomerate that is chiefly in the business of producing and airing television programs. Information on the production plot and setting, key players such as directors, actors, production designers, and costume designers, and general descriptions of costumes are presented in this narrative survey. This work serves as a preliminary attempt to trace the provenance of costume sets in the collection of CCP and GMA Network. It may also awaken the need to document costumes as part of institutional collections.
