The Mananga River in the Philippines has been classified as a Class A river in 1997. Since then, the river has significantly deteriorated due to pollution, especially in the downstream area around Talisay in the Cebu region. In this study, the water quality parameters – namely, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Water quality data were obtained from the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources–Environmental Management Bureau Region 7. The water samples were collected on a quarterly basis from 2016–2019. The effect of weather conditions on water quality and significant relationships between the water quality parameters were determined. In addition, the comparison of water quality in each sampling station was investigated. Results show that about 84.3% of the total variance in water quality can be attributed to two significant principal component scores. Evident correlations were observed such as DO and BOD are negatively correlated, whereas a positive correlation exists between DO to RH and wind speed, BOD to temperature, and TSS to wind speed. Furthermore, negative correlations are observed between DO to temperature and wind direction, BOD to rainfall, and TSS to wind direction and rainfall. In the overall analysis of the results, the heavier the influence of a variable, the more likely it is to contribute to affecting the water quality. Therefore, this can alter the overall distribution within the plots and the correlations among the variables. The findings are a predictive measure of future changes and trends in the Mananga River. Therefore, the results of the present work will be used in environmental monitoring, environmental management, and assistance for the rehabilitation of the Mananga River using PCA.
Jose Wendell P. Capili. 2024. “When My Father Passed Away.” Slaughterhouse Poems, in Philippine Graphic Reader, 3, 10, Pp. 26.
A contraction of two words: monologue and vlog, the monoVlog is a hybrid performance genre developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. While the monoVlog is similar to vlogging and to the performance of a monologue, the monoVlog differs from vlogging because a vlog has not always been live. Several vloggers produce content by recording themselves prior to its online premiere. On the other hand, the monoVlog has a shorter duration compared to most monologues performed on stage. This article is an interview-essay regarding the monoVlog. The aim of the paper is to document the form and to produce a preliminary speculation regarding the future direction of the form. At the same time, it is intended to transfer the ideas of Layeta Bucoy, the figure behind the performance form, to academic writing. Finally, the paper aims to include the monoVlog in the archive of performance practices of the Philippines. The archiving of the form is intended for the future generation of performance artists and scholars and for them to understand that despite crisis such as the Covid-19, the resiliency and creativity of the Filipino artists continue to persist. The final section of the article is the play JonaLive, two short monoVlogs combined as a one-act play by Bucoy. An example is provided to understand the dramatic aspect of the form and at the same time, its vlog aspect.
Jennifer CHJ Wilson, Alex Badue, Kaura Milburn, Leesi Patrick, and Sir Anril Tiatco. 2023. “Centers of Musical Theatre.” In Routledge Companion to Musical Theatre, edited by Laura McDonald and Ryan Donnovan, Pp. 383 - 399 . London and New York: Routledge. Publisher's VersionAbstract
The five essays in this chapter survey well-known and lesser-known cities around the world where musical theatre is produced: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; New York City, USA; London, UK; Lagos, Nigeria; and Manila, the Philippines. Each one reflects on different historical moments, from the nineteenth century through to the twenty first century, and on particular practitioners who contributed a range of innovations to musical theatre. Alex Bádue considers the localization and assimilation processes that have combined European, US American, and Brazilian cultures in Rio de Janeiro’s musical theatre practice. Jennifer C. H. J. Wilson uses impresario Tony Pastor’s career to explore how musical theatre in nineteenth-century New York City circulated and responded to the city’s working-class immigrant population. Laura Milburn similarly takes an impresario, producer Charles B. Cochran, and unpacks his collaborative work in twentieth-century London with both British and American songwriters. Leesi Patrick privileges a third producer, Bolanle Austen-Peters, and highlights BAP’s pioneering work in developing musical theatre as a viable entertainment industry in Lagos. Sir Anril P. Tiatco examines musical theatre entanglements in Manila to better understand the processes of returning, rewriting, and repeating that define its industry.
The sugar industry played a significant role in the colonial economies of Indonesia and the Philippines. Growing the same commodity for the global market, the conditions under which the sugar industry operated in the two places were quite different. Using historical methods and drawing upon secondary sources, this article compares the colonial sugar industry in Indonesia with particular reference to Java and the Philippines between 1890 and 1940. Unlike the case of Indonesia, where the sugar industry operated in densely populated lowland areas, the Philippine sugar industry was established in a sparsely populated region. However, the sugar producers in the two countries took various measures to make their ventures more efficient and competitive. This article will outline broadly the early development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines, followed by a discussion on the choice of production technology and the performance of the sugar industry in the interwar period to provide a better understanding of the different development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines. The sugar industry in Java was more successful in improving its productivity and efficiency, making the industry more competitive than the Philippines. However, the sugar industry in the two countries had different destinies when the global crises hit hard in the 1930s. Only because of the preferential treatment obtained in the American market did the less efficient sugar industry in the Philippines survive during the Depression. Meanwhile, Java's more efficient sugar industry collapsed due to the unfair protection policy in the world sugar market.
The diversity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) extends to the media systems of its 10 member states. Cross-border journalism should explore various themes that transcend such diversity. Given the prevailing culture of impunity, this chapter proposes that journalists covering the ASEAN consider the state of media as a topic for collaborative research. Special attention should be given to the various forms of harassment and intimidation faced by ASEAN-based journalists and media workers, including work-related killings. This kind of research may branch out to other dimensions like human rights violations across the population, along with their political and economic situations. The ASEAN indeed remains a newsworthy topic and diversity should not get in the way of practicing cross-border journalism.
In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been studied extensively through the lens of conceptual metaphor theory. However, only one study has focused on the metaphorization of the COVID-19 pandemic in a strictly Philippine milieu. None so far has published on pandemic- related multimodal metaphors in Philippine media, let alone shed light on these through a diachronic perspective. Using conceptual metaphor theory and visual metaphor identification procedure, this study analysed 203 pandemic-related editorial cartoons published by a Philippine national publication from December 2019 to February 2022. It investigated the diachronic conceptualizations of the conceptual domain COVID-19 VIRUS in the Philippines as captured by the neutralizing or ‘de-monstering’ of the virus from the COVID-19 IS A MONSTER to the COVID-19 IS A LIVING ENTITY multimodal metaphor. It argued that the trends of metaphorization correlate with the shifting sociocultural and political attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic as a global and local healthcare crisis. Essentially, this study not only explored the dynamics between media and cognition, but it also analysed how the multimodal metaphorizations of COVID-19 reflect Filipino socio-political realities and cultural underpinnings during turbulent times.
This paper presents information on LIS 10 Information and Society, a general education course offered by the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS), University of the Philippines Diliman. LIS 10 is the first course of its kind in the Philippines. This narrative establishes the motivations that led to the course’s development and gives pertinent information, including its description, expected student outcomes, and an enumeration of course topics. It also presents qualitative feedback received from students who took the course. As the pioneering instructor of the course, the author employs the autoethnographic method to narrate his personal experience and perspective on the collective conduct of UP SLIS faculty members on the design and development of the GE course.
A phycocolloidal hydrogel patch is studied as a potential material for the transdermal delivery device for vitamin B12. The vitamin release kinetics from an agar/κ-carrageenan hydrogel blend as a function of mass ratio and vitamin loading. Concentration measurements were done using a colorimetric method, and the experimental data were fitted into the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, Peppas-Sahlin model, and Berens-Hopfenberg model. From the curve fitting, parameters such as first-order polymer relaxation constant and diffusivity constant were obtained. The results showed that for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the Peppas-Sahlin model, the release mechanism followed Fickian diffusion predominantly. On the other hand, the Berens-Hopfenberg model fit shows that the release mechanism predominantly follows non-Fickian diffusion and may need to be modified.
Banana pseudostems (BPS), which comprise about 60% of a banana plant's mass, represent a significant waste fraction in banana farms as they are cut down after each harvest. Because BPS fibers exhibit characteristics suitable for pulp and paper, and composite applications, a patented technology has been demonstrated to utilize BPS into moulded clamshells for food packaging and liquid Musa fertilizer. To determine the environmental sustainability of this technology, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed on the co-production of food packaging and fertilizer from BPS. Material and energy flows of the system are collected from the demonstration plant and their environmental impacts are analyzed through the ReCiPe, 2016 model with a functional unit of 1000 kg of BPS waste. System expansion revealed that the co-production of clamshell and fertilizer from BPS contributes less environmental burden than both of its corresponding conventional processes combined. The products are also compared to their conventional counterparts – expanded polystyrene (EPS) clamshell and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer. In comparison to the conventional EPS clamshell, the PPY clamshell scored 1.6 to 4.2 times greater in 7 out of 18 midpoint indicators while the Musa fertilizer displayed an overall 4% to 99% lower environmental impact on all indicators than its counterpart, UAN fertilizer. Reducing the farm-to-plant distance by half is revealed to decrease toxicity and land occupation potential impacts by up to 47%. Siting of the BPS utilization plant further affects its environmental impacts as the electricity grid supplying the operations in a sensitive parameter on the life cycle impacts. The use of renewable energy sources is highly recommended to reduce the environmental impacts of its energy-intensive unit processes namely, pulp refining and moulding. The results of this work suggest that this patented technology can provide environmentally preferable products.
Presentation was an abridged version of my undergraduate thesis.
This study aims to understand how University of the Philippines Diliman Speech 30 instructors use communication accommodation strategies to address student difficulties in a post- COVID-19 instructional setting. Verbal and non-verbal immediacy from Anderson (1979) and Christophel & Gorham (1995), along with Giles and Ogay's Communication Accommodation typologies (2007) comprise the theoretical framework. A triangulation approach was utilized in identifying the prevalent student difficulties among the respondents. First, a modified version of Robert Goodman's Student Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to 369 students taking the course. The results were then cross-examined in one-on-one follow-up interviews with 8 consenting participants. Upon a thematic analysis of the findings from the questionnaire and the interviews, emotional and mental disposition, focus, and emergent logistical and behavioral difficulties were identified as the most prevalent categories of student difficulties. Subsequently, the consenting participants were interviewed about the immediacy behaviors of their Speech 30 instructors that they perceive in class, primarily those that address their in-class difficulties. With regards to verbal immediate behaviors, the students perceived instructors incorporating humor, personal examples, simple language, feedback, reassuring tone, content and trigger warnings, familiarity with course content, and building on students’ answers to their pedagogy in post- COVID-19 face-to-face classes. Perceived non-verbal immediacy behaviors included modified seating arrangement, physical gestures, proximity, movement, fashion, and visual aids. These student-perceived immediacy behaviors indicate the instructor usage of approximation, interpretability, discourse management, emotional expression, and interpersonal control strategies to address student difficulties in post-COVID-19 Speech 30 classes held in the University.
This publication is part of the “Advancing human rights reporting in the Philippines as a tool for upholding gender fairness, democracy and accountability” project by Bulatlat through its publisher, the Alipato Media Center Inc. The project is supported by the German Embassy in Manila.
Intellectual freedom is one known core value in the LIS profession, but there needs to be more clarity over how to define it and apply it to the actual work. In the Philippines, this concept only exists as a clause or a section of a broader guideline or policy, and a formal framework has yet to be specifically dedicated to it. This study offers insights into how intellectual freedom is perceived in Philippine academic libraries. Academic library directors (N =44) in Southern Tagalog, composed of Regions IV-A and IV-B, were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding this principle. It was found that the respondents know what intellectual freedom means and consider it highly important despite its challenges. Based on their responses, they are likely to express support for intellectual freedom but still exhibit some degree of censorship tendencies during selection. This study underscores the complexities LIS professionals face as they navigate the challenging terrain between their intellectual freedom advocacies and their roles as gatekeepers of information.
Ang kuwentong ito ay nakasentro sa panipis nang panipis na mga ugnayang domestiko sa pagitan ng mag-asawang Chard at Meling, at ang dalawa nilang anak na sina Bugsy at Jonesy. Si Bugsy ay papatapos na sa kaniyang kursong Civil Engineering at desididong kumuha ng licensure examinations sa susunod na taon. Ang pagkadesidido niyang ito ay nagmumula sa pagkabigo ng kaniyang ama na nakatapos nga ng naturang kurso ngunit hindi na nakuha ang lisensiya sa pagiging inhinyero. Si Meling naman at Jonesy ay nagkakaisa sa pagpapaalala at pagtawag ng pansin sa mag-iisang taon nang sira nilang telebisyon. Sa panahon kung saan nakalunan ang kuwento, pangunahing libangan pa rin ang panonood ng iba’t ibang mga palabas sa TV. Magpipresenta ng oportunidad upang mapanumbalik ang kapayapaan at katahimikan sa kanilang tahanan ang isang sorpresang raffle draw sa Christmas party sa kanilang kapitbahayan, pati na ng oportunidad kay Bugsy na balikan ang isang bahagi ng kaniyang pagkabata na matagal na niyang isinantabi.
The late Dr. Ernesto Constantino was a prominent Filipino linguist who conducted many comparative studies on the morphology and syntax of various Philippine indigenous languages. As such, his personal collection, which was donated to the University Archives of the University of the Philippines Diliman, contains a wealth of raw data collected from different communities all over the Philippines. To date, we have cataloged 458 magnetic reel tapes and 733 cassette tapes from various linguistic fieldwork conducted by Dr. Constantino and his team of research assistants between the 1960s and the 1990s. We have also so far cataloged word and sentence lists in over a hundred Philippine language varieties. Many of these languages and dialects are under-studied while some, such as Yogad, Bolinao, and Manide, are also currently marked as threatened or endangered languages. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the state of the legacy language materials in the Constantino Collection. We identify challenges that we face in cataloging and archiving the materials and the issues that should be faced in attempting to get subsequent use of the materials.
