Publications

This article aims to develop a model of the therapeutic alliance for psychotherapy guided by the concepts of Loob, Pakikibahagi ng Loob, and the framework offered by the Shared Reality Model. The conceptualization is anchored on data from a qualitative survey with 15 Filipino client-therapist dyads living in the Philippines. In the proposed model, client-therapist dynamics are viewed under two levels of analyses: (a) intrapersonal level (inner world or katangiang panloob) – that includes clients’ and therapists’ personality, values, and beliefs; (b) interpersonal level (relational world or ugnayang panloob) – that encapsulates the client-therapist relationship known as the therapeutic alliance. The model hypothesizes that a shared reality (pakikibahagi) in the form of shared inner world (pakikibahagi ng katangiang panloob) and shared relational world (pakikibahagi ng ugnayang panloob) contribute to psychological well-being. Implications for clinical practice, Sikolohiyang Pilipino theorizing, and directions for further research are explored in this paper.

The literature on Political Science education has already established the use of popular culture in teaching International Relations (IR) theories. However, the same recognition does not extend to anime despite its documented potential as an educational tool in the literature. This paper argues that anime contributes to IR and Political Science literature both as an object of study and as a tool in teaching and understanding major IR theories. Using the case of How a Realist Hero Rebuilt the Kingdom (Realist Hero), this paper demonstrates how major IR theories can also be illustrated through this series. Though earlier analyses of the series focused on realism, this paper builds on those analyses and, at the same time, utilizes other major theories, such as liberalism and constructivism. These three major IR theories were then used to analyze the international politics of the Realist Hero series by focusing on the significant events that transpired in the two-season anime series by J.C. Staff, Co., Ltd., as well as the continuation of its story in the light novel format, written by Dojyamaru. 

The Mananga River in the Philippines has been classified as a Class A river in 1997. Since then, the river has significantly deteriorated due to pollution, especially in the downstream area around Talisay in the Cebu region. In this study, the water quality parameters – namely, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Water quality data were obtained from the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources–Environmental Management Bureau Region 7. The water samples were collected on a quarterly basis from 2016–2019. The effect of weather conditions on water quality and significant relationships between the water quality parameters were determined. In addition, the comparison of water quality in each sampling station was investigated. Results show that about 84.3% of the total variance in water quality can be attributed to two significant principal component scores. Evident correlations were observed such as DO and BOD are negatively correlated, whereas a positive correlation exists between DO to RH and wind speed, BOD to temperature, and TSS to wind speed. Furthermore, negative correlations are observed between DO to temperature and wind direction, BOD to rainfall, and TSS to wind direction and rainfall. In the overall analysis of the results, the heavier the influence of a variable, the more likely it is to contribute to affecting the water quality. Therefore, this can alter the overall distribution within the plots and the correlations among the variables. The findings are a predictive measure of future changes and trends in the Mananga River. Therefore, the results of the present work will be used in environmental monitoring, environmental management, and assistance for the rehabilitation of the Mananga River using PCA.

A contraction of two words: monologue and vlog, the monoVlog is a hybrid performance genre developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. While the monoVlog is similar to vlogging and to the performance of a monologue, the monoVlog differs from vlogging because a vlog has not always been live. Several vloggers produce content by recording themselves prior to its online premiere. On the other hand, the monoVlog has a shorter duration compared to most monologues performed on stage. This article is an interview-essay regarding the monoVlog. The aim of the paper is to document the form and to produce a preliminary speculation regarding the future direction of the form. At the same time, it is intended to transfer the ideas of Layeta Bucoy, the figure behind the performance form, to academic writing. Finally, the paper aims to include the monoVlog in the archive of performance practices of the Philippines. The archiving of the form is intended for the future generation of performance artists and scholars and for them to understand that despite crisis such as the Covid-19, the resiliency and creativity of the Filipino artists continue to persist. The final section of the article is the play JonaLive, two short monoVlogs combined as a one-act play by Bucoy. An example is provided to understand the dramatic aspect of the form and at the same time, its vlog aspect.

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The five essays in this chapter survey well-known and lesser-known cities around the world where musical theatre is produced: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; New York City, USA; London, UK; Lagos, Nigeria; and Manila, the Philippines. Each one reflects on different historical moments, from the nineteenth century through to the twenty first century, and on particular practitioners who contributed a range of innovations to musical theatre. Alex Bádue considers the localization and assimilation processes that have combined European, US American, and Brazilian cultures in Rio de Janeiro’s musical theatre practice. Jennifer C. H. J. Wilson uses impresario Tony Pastor’s career to explore how musical theatre in nineteenth-century New York City circulated and responded to the city’s working-class immigrant population. Laura Milburn similarly takes an impresario, producer Charles B. Cochran, and unpacks his collaborative work in twentieth-century London with both British and American songwriters. Leesi Patrick privileges a third producer, Bolanle Austen-Peters, and highlights BAP’s pioneering work in developing musical theatre as a viable entertainment industry in Lagos. Sir Anril P. Tiatco examines musical theatre entanglements in Manila to better understand the processes of returning, rewriting, and repeating that define its industry.

The sugar industry played a significant role in the colonial economies of Indonesia and the Philippines. Growing the same commodity for the global market, the conditions under which the sugar industry operated in the two places were quite different. Using historical methods and drawing upon secondary sources, this article compares the colonial sugar industry in Indonesia with particular reference to Java and the Philippines between 1890 and 1940. Unlike the case of Indonesia, where the sugar industry operated in densely populated lowland areas, the Philippine sugar industry was established in a sparsely populated region. However, the sugar producers in the two countries took various measures to make their ventures more efficient and competitive. This article will outline broadly the early development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines, followed by a discussion on the choice of production technology and the performance of the sugar industry in the interwar period to provide a better understanding of the different development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines. The sugar industry in Java was more successful in improving its productivity and efficiency, making the industry more competitive than the Philippines. However, the sugar industry in the two countries had different destinies when the global crises hit hard in the 1930s. Only because of the preferential treatment obtained in the American market did the less efficient sugar industry in the Philippines survive during the Depression. Meanwhile, Java's more efficient sugar industry collapsed due to the unfair protection policy in the world sugar market.

The diversity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) extends to the media systems of its 10 member states. Cross-border journalism should explore various themes that transcend such diversity. Given the prevailing culture of impunity, this chapter proposes that journalists covering the ASEAN consider the state of media as a topic for collaborative research. Special attention should be given to the various forms of harassment and intimidation faced by ASEAN-based journalists and media workers, including work-related killings. This kind of research may branch out to other dimensions like human rights violations across the population, along with their political and economic situations. The ASEAN indeed remains a newsworthy topic and diversity should not get in the way of practicing cross-border journalism.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been studied extensively through the lens of conceptual metaphor theory. However, only one study has focused on the metaphorization of the COVID-19 pandemic in a strictly Philippine milieu. None so far has published on pandemic- related multimodal metaphors in Philippine media, let alone shed light on these through a diachronic perspective. Using conceptual metaphor theory and visual metaphor identification procedure, this study analysed 203 pandemic-related editorial cartoons published by a Philippine national publication from December 2019 to February 2022. It investigated the diachronic conceptualizations of the conceptual domain COVID-19 VIRUS in the Philippines as captured by the neutralizing or ‘de-monstering’ of the virus from the COVID-19 IS A MONSTER to the COVID-19 IS A LIVING ENTITY multimodal metaphor. It argued that the trends of metaphorization correlate with the shifting sociocultural and political attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic as a global and local healthcare crisis. Essentially, this study not only explored the dynamics between media and cognition, but it also analysed how the multimodal metaphorizations of COVID-19 reflect Filipino socio-political realities and cultural underpinnings during turbulent times.

This paper presents information on LIS 10 Information and Society, a general education course offered by the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS), University of the Philippines Diliman. LIS 10 is the first course of its kind in the Philippines. This narrative establishes the motivations that led to the course’s development and gives pertinent information, including its description, expected student outcomes, and an enumeration of course topics. It also presents qualitative feedback received from students who took the course. As the pioneering instructor of the course, the author employs the autoethnographic method to narrate his personal experience and perspective on the collective conduct of UP SLIS faculty members on the design and development of the GE course.

A phycocolloidal hydrogel patch is studied as a potential material for the transdermal delivery device for vitamin B12. The vitamin release kinetics from an agar/κ-carrageenan hydrogel blend as a function of mass ratio and vitamin loading. Concentration measurements were done using a colorimetric method, and the experimental data were fitted into the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, Peppas-Sahlin model, and Berens-Hopfenberg model. From the curve fitting, parameters such as first-order polymer relaxation constant and diffusivity constant were obtained. The results showed that for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the Peppas-Sahlin model, the release mechanism followed Fickian diffusion predominantly. On the other hand, the Berens-Hopfenberg model fit shows that the release mechanism predominantly follows non-Fickian diffusion and may need to be modified.

Banana pseudostems (BPS), which comprise about 60% of a banana plant's mass, represent a significant waste fraction in banana farms as they are cut down after each harvest. Because BPS fibers exhibit characteristics suitable for pulp and paper, and composite applications, a patented technology has been demonstrated to utilize BPS into moulded clamshells for food packaging and liquid Musa fertilizer. To determine the environmental sustainability of this technology, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed on the co-production of food packaging and fertilizer from BPS. Material and energy flows of the system are collected from the demonstration plant and their environmental impacts are analyzed through the ReCiPe, 2016 model with a functional unit of 1000 kg of BPS waste. System expansion revealed that the co-production of clamshell and fertilizer from BPS contributes less environmental burden than both of its corresponding conventional processes combined. The products are also compared to their conventional counterparts – expanded polystyrene (EPS) clamshell and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer. In comparison to the conventional EPS clamshell, the PPY clamshell scored 1.6 to 4.2 times greater in 7 out of 18 midpoint indicators while the Musa fertilizer displayed an overall 4% to 99% lower environmental impact on all indicators than its counterpart, UAN fertilizer. Reducing the farm-to-plant distance by half is revealed to decrease toxicity and land occupation potential impacts by up to 47%. Siting of the BPS utilization plant further affects its environmental impacts as the electricity grid supplying the operations in a sensitive parameter on the life cycle impacts. The use of renewable energy sources is highly recommended to reduce the environmental impacts of its energy-intensive unit processes namely, pulp refining and moulding. The results of this work suggest that this patented technology can provide environmentally preferable products.

Presentation was an abridged version of my undergraduate thesis.

This study aims to understand how University of the Philippines Diliman Speech 30  instructors use communication accommodation strategies to address student difficulties in a post- COVID-19 instructional setting. Verbal and non-verbal immediacy from Anderson (1979) and  Christophel & Gorham (1995), along with Giles and Ogay's Communication Accommodation typologies (2007) comprise the theoretical framework. A triangulation approach was utilized in identifying the prevalent student difficulties among the respondents. First, a modified version of Robert Goodman's Student Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to 369 students taking the course. The results were then cross-examined in one-on-one follow-up interviews with 8 consenting participants. Upon a thematic analysis of the findings from the questionnaire and the interviews, emotional and mental disposition, focus, and emergent logistical and behavioral difficulties were identified as the most prevalent categories of student difficulties. Subsequently, the consenting participants were interviewed about the immediacy behaviors of their Speech 30 instructors that they perceive in class, primarily those that address their in-class difficulties. With regards to verbal immediate behaviors, the students perceived instructors incorporating humor, personal examples, simple language, feedback, reassuring tone, content and trigger warnings,  familiarity with course content, and building on students’ answers to their pedagogy in post- COVID-19 face-to-face classes. Perceived non-verbal immediacy behaviors included modified  seating arrangement, physical gestures, proximity, movement, fashion, and visual aids. These student-perceived immediacy behaviors indicate the instructor usage of approximation, interpretability, discourse management, emotional expression, and interpersonal control strategies to address student difficulties in post-COVID-19 Speech 30 classes held in the University.