
@article {456,
	title = {DVD Piracy as Alternative Media: The Scandal of Piracy, and the Piracy of {\textquotedblleft}Scandal{\textquotedblright} in the Philippines, 2005{\textendash}2009},
	journal = {Kasarinlan (Philippine Journal of Third World Studies)},
	volume = {29},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {109-139},
	abstract = {Some digital materials which are documentary of specific forms of social transgression comprise an apparent {\textquotedblleft}market niche{\textquotedblright} for piracy. {\textquotedblleft}Scandals{\textquotedblright} as unique commodities in the Philippines{\textquoteright}s informal market for pirated disks are quite distinct from other digital entertainment, being originally candid/unstaged or {\textquotedblleft}stolen{\textquotedblright}/taken without their subject{\textquoteright}s knowledge and usually made to non-professional standards/equipment. Enterprisingly put on the market by pirate-entrepreneurs because of apparent consumer-audience interest in the content, such unique {\textquotedblleft}reality{\textquotedblright} goods became conveniently available through networks of digital piracy outlets. In the context of consumption of pirated goods, the article reads {\textquotedblleft}scandals{\textquotedblright} as expressive of everyday critique and resistance. The niche market for {\textquotedblleft}scandals{\textquotedblright} functions as alternative media as these digital goods inherently evade government and (formal) corporate control as sources of news and entertainment. Indicators of the significance of {\textquotedblleft}scandal{\textquotedblright} in the informal economy and the meaningful convergence between its piracy and consumer-audience demand are examined ethnographically: their translation into commodities through packaging, the range of sites for  consumers to access {\textquotedblleft}scandals,{\textquotedblright} pirate-entrepreneurs{\textquoteright} sales strategies and standards, and how the market behavior of these {\textquotedblleft}scandals{\textquotedblright} apparently responded to the unfolding of the social scandals in real time as current events{\textemdash}events that themselves were influenced by the popular circulation and piracy of these commodities. Three cases that took place between 2005{\textendash}2009{\textemdash}{\textquotedblleft}Hello Garci,{\textquotedblright} the {\textquotedblleft}Kat/Kho sex scandals,{\textquotedblright} and the {\textquotedblleft}Maguindanao massacre{\textquotedblright} DVD{\textemdash}serve as diverse examples, each with their own issues of authenticity, morality, and social effects consequent to piracy and consumption.
},
	url = {http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/viewFile/4572/4115},
	author = {Mangahas, Maria}
}
